Santa Anna Bond dated 1866 signed by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna - Very Historic Autograph Uncanceled Bond

Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (February 21, 1794 – June 21, 1876), commonly known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, was a prominent Mexican politician and general who played a crucial role in post-independence Mexican politics in the early 19th century. Due to his significant influence, historians often refer to this period as the "Age of Santa Anna." Initially, Santa Anna opposed Mexican independence from Spain but later switched sides, eventually rising to the rank of general and serving as president of Mexico on seven non-consecutive occasions over a 22-year period.

Santa Anna was a complex and controversial figure, known for his shifting allegiances and opportunistic strategies. He supported Mexican independence from Spain but also fought to protect his own power and influence throughout his career. He played a key role in several major events, including the defense against Spain's attempts to reconquer Mexico and the war with the United States, which resulted in Mexico's loss of a large portion of its northern territories.

In 1866, while living in exile in New York City, Santa Anna issued "Santa Anna Bonds" in an effort to finance a campaign to regain power and overthrow Emperor Maximilian of Mexico. His efforts failed, leading to his capture and an initial death sentence, which was later commuted. Santa Anna retired to New York and spent his final years in poverty and neglect.
Santa Anna's stance on various issues included support for the Monroe Doctrine, opposing European intervention in the Americas, and his opposition to allowing Africans into Mexican territory as freed slaves. He also conducted brutal military campaigns against Native American tribes in Mexico.

Throughout his career, Santa Anna was marked by numerous political and military reversals. He was known as an archetypal caudillo (military leader) in Mexican history, a figure whose name is closely linked with the country's turbulent political events and shifting destinies. Santa Anna's legacy remains a topic of debate, symbolizing both the ambition and the instability of Mexico's early post-independence period.