Santa Anna Bond dated 1866 signed by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna - Very Historic Autograph Uncanceled Bond

Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (February 21, 1794 – June 21, 1876), widely recognized as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, was a significant Mexican politician and military leader who had a profound impact on the political landscape of Mexico following its independence in the early 19th century. His considerable influence has led historians to designate this era as the "Age of Santa Anna." Initially, he was opposed to Mexico's independence from Spain; however, he later changed his stance, ultimately achieving the rank of general and serving as the president of Mexico on seven separate occasions over a span of 22 years.

Santa Anna was a multifaceted and contentious individual, noted for his fluctuating loyalties and opportunistic tactics. While he initially resisted Mexican independence from Spain, he later became a proponent of it, all the while striving to maintain his own authority and influence throughout his political career. He was instrumental in several pivotal events, including the defense against Spain's attempts to reclaim Mexico and the conflict with the United States, which culminated in Mexico's loss of a significant portion of its northern territories.

In 1866, during his exile in New York City, Santa Anna issued "Santa Anna Bonds" to finance an initiative aimed at reclaiming his power and toppling Emperor Maximilian of Mexico. However, his attempts were unsuccessful, resulting in his capture and an initial death sentence, which was subsequently commuted. Santa Anna then retired to New York, where he spent his later years in poverty and obscurity. His positions on various matters included support for the Monroe Doctrine, a stance against European intervention in the Americas, and opposition to the admission of freed African slaves into Mexican territory.

Additionally, he led harsh military campaigns against Native American tribes within Mexico. Throughout his career, Santa Anna experienced numerous political and military setbacks. He is often regarded as a quintessential caudillo (military leader) in Mexican history, a figure whose name is intricately associated with the nation's tumultuous political landscape and evolving fortunes. The legacy of Santa Anna continues to provoke discussion, representing both the aspirations and the instability of Mexico's early post-independence era.