Merchants National Bank - 1889 dated Helena, Montana Check

Check to the Ninth National Bank, New York. Helena, Montana. By 1888, Helena boasted around 50 millionaires, a number that exceeded that of any other city globally on a per capita basis. These affluent individuals primarily accumulated their fortunes through gold mining activities. It is estimated that approximately $3.6 billion in today's currency was extracted from Helena during this period. The Last Chance Placer is recognized as one of the most famous placer deposits in the western United States, with most of its output occurring before 1868. A significant portion of this placer now lies beneath the streets and structures of Helena.

This considerable wealth enabled the development of sophisticated residences and ambitious architectural endeavors within the city, with its Victorian neighborhoods reflecting the prosperity of the gold mining era. The surge of miners also contributed to the creation of a lively red-light district. Notably, Josephine "Chicago Joe" Airey became a significant local madam, establishing a thriving business empire from 1874 to 1893, and emerging as one of Helena's largest and most influential landowners. The brothels in Helena remained an essential part of the local economy well into the 20th century, continuing until the passing of the last madam, "Big Dorothy" Baker, in 1973.